ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ: ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣꯒꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ: ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯁꯣꯞ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯖꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ: ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡ, ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯕꯦꯀꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯁ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦ, ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯤꯐꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯇꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ: ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ꯫

ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ꯫

꯱.ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

A ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯖꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯔꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ, ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ--ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ:

1. ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
2. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯇꯧ꯫
3. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
4. ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫
5. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯕꯦꯖ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯀꯦ., ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯁ꯫
6. ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
7. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
8.  

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ:

ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ-ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯞ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ, ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.

꯲.ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 600–750 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯄꯤꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯔꯇꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ., ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯃꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯖꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

꯳.ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯄꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ 100–1,000+ ꯄꯤꯁ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯇꯜ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯋꯦꯌꯔ, ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯦꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ, ꯈꯔꯥ-ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯕꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯂꯣꯗ - ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯏ; ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ 15ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯖꯣꯅꯤꯡ - ꯁꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯍꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ - ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯅꯦꯒꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ - ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ; ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯖꯜ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯂꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ - ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯏꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ꯫
• ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯐꯋꯦꯌꯔ, ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ꯫

ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ꯫ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ꯫

ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ-ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ - ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ: ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤ. ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ, ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯄꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯆꯣꯏꯁꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄꯤꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯀꯦ. ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯀꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯕꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯏꯠ (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ-ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ): ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ → ​​ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ → CMYK → ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯁ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ): ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ → ​​ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯀꯦ. ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯕꯦꯀꯂꯤꯠ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ: ꯱.

ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯌꯤꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ: ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯆꯠꯊꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ, ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ, ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯖꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ: ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ-ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯐꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ - ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯐꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ, ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ - ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ, ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 2: ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ: ꯂꯤꯟꯇ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ 1–5% ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯃꯗꯣꯀꯎ, ꯗꯤꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ (ꯇꯦꯞ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ), ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 0.2–0.5 MPaꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

1. ꯋꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ 90–99% ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯞꯔꯣꯄꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯣꯍꯣꯜ ꯊꯥꯎ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ - ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯃꯣꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
3. ꯄꯥꯁ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧ꯫
4. ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯔꯁ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯦꯟ-ꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯗꯤ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯏ
5. ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ

ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 10–30ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 50–100 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 3: ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 4: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟ ꯀꯞꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯊꯥꯛꯔꯥꯏꯂꯦꯠ-ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯔꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ; ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯅꯣ-ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯌꯨꯔꯦꯊꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ: ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ, ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ., ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯣꯍꯣꯜ/ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ 0.5–2%꯫
• ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ: ꯋꯥꯏꯐꯥꯏ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯎ꯫
• ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ: ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 10–30 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ: ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 5–15 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 80–120 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯗꯥ-ꯂꯥꯏꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯞ, ꯀꯂꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ

ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ PDF/X-4, TIFF, AI, EPS ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ PSDꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ:

• ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 1ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ: 150–300 dpi
• ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: 100–150 dpi
• ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛꯁ: 50–100 dpi

ꯗꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯄꯥꯊ - "ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ, RIPꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯎ ꯇꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯀꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ RIP ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ: ꯲꯵꯰–꯳꯰꯰%
• ꯄꯥꯁ ꯃꯣꯗ: ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯨꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ 8–16 ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯣꯠ ꯒꯦꯏꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ: 5–15%꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ: ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯔꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ RGB ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ, ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣ-ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯌꯥꯔꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯦꯁꯟ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ?

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯔꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ, ꯐꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯛꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯐꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯱꯸–꯲꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ ꯳꯰–꯵꯰%ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ--ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, CNC-ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯔꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯃꯞꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯇꯦꯛ, UV-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ - ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯔꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 15–30 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ UV-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 5–15 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯐꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ΔE ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ꯫

"ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ (ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯖꯤ.꯱꯵꯵), ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ CIELAB ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ CIEDE2000ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ΔE ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• 1 -ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ΔE ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
• ΔE 1–3 - ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ΔE 3–5 - ꯅꯣꯇꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• 5 -ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ΔE ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯗꯤꯡ꯫

ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ "ASTM G155 ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 2,000ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ΔE 3ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯏꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ, ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ΔE ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ - ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠ, ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯛꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ-ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ASTM D3359, ꯔꯦꯠ 5B (ꯑꯐꯕꯥ)ꯗꯒꯤ 0B (ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ) ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ
• ꯇꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ꯴꯰꯶꯰
• ASTM C1241ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ-ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 70ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 24–72 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯗꯥ: ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯄꯀꯣꯠ, ꯁꯣꯜ-ꯖꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯄꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯦꯆ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ), ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯕꯔꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯦꯟ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ, ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯆꯣꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔ-ꯄꯤꯁ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯳꯰꯰ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯲꯰꯰ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ, ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯵꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯶ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ...ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯱꯵ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯦꯟ=$500 ÷ ($15 − $6) ≈ 56 ꯄꯤꯁ꯫

ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯗꯥ: ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯀꯏ; ꯵꯰꯰–꯱,꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯀꯏ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯔ-ꯄꯤꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 3–7ꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 2–4 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳–꯵ꯅꯤ꯫
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ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯕꯦꯀꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯁ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ: ꯶ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯗ ꯂꯣ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ, ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​UV ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ, ꯑꯦꯖ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ-ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯨꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯐꯨꯠ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯲꯰–꯵꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

꯵꯰꯰ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯔ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯟ, ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ: ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯔ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ꯫ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ-ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯦꯗꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯀꯇꯤꯡ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯡ, ꯀꯥꯔꯚ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ - ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ.

ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ pH ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ, ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯄꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯎꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ; ꯑꯦꯖ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯤꯕꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ, ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ OSHAꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ SDS ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯨꯔꯤꯁꯗꯤꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯀꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ, ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ΔE ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯤꯇꯤ-ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ꯫
• ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯗꯦꯃꯣ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ-ꯔꯦꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯡ 48ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯝꯂꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ, ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯔꯟ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ UV ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯕꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯈꯔꯥ-ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ -ꯅꯤ - ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯖꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯖꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 20–30 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯵–꯱꯵ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯎꯊꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.

UV ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯪ. ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ UV ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ UV ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯅꯤ: ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯀꯦ.ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯤ; ꯕꯦꯀꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯣꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯂꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ 0.1–0.3 mmꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ 1–5%ꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ, ꯗꯤꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ - ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ, ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ UV-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯂꯀꯣꯍꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯰.꯵–꯲%ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯥꯛꯔꯥꯏꯂꯦꯠ-ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯔꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ RIP ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ DPIꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ ꯚꯤꯎꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ 150–300 dpi, ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 50–100 dpi꯫ 250–300%ꯒꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, 8–16 ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, 5–15% ꯗꯣꯠ ꯒꯦꯏꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯐꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯣ?

ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯱꯰–꯳꯰, ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ-ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ, ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯟꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯁ 50–60, ꯄꯤꯁ 500–1,000ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ꯫ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?

5Bꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ASTM D3359ꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯄꯨꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ 70 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ , ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ, UV ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯋꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯋꯥꯁꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯀꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ꯏꯟ-ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫